Urban Residential CO2 from Spatial and Non-Spatial Perspectives: Regional Difference between Northern and Southern China

Urban residential carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have increased sharply along with the rapid urbanization process. Few studies considered different effects of influencing factors between Northern and Southern China, analysis CO2 per unit area from spatial perspective is also rarely involved. Using Durbin model (SDM), this study aimed at revealing (including income, inequality, population density, urban morphology, etc.) on capita during 2001–2018 China. The results showed that cities had higher a faster growth rate, high-high clusters were mainly located in cities. Gini coefficient was correlated adversely CO2, while income imposed positive effect emissions. negative coefficients quadratic term GDP demonstrated potential to decrease when increases certain level. indirect spillover exist. density ratio built-up an opposite area, they bigger impact area. This revealed roles various reducing non-spatial regions, which could help policymakers design targeted mitigation measures sector providing references for developing countries jointly reduce promote global climate change.